The cost of running several systems side by side
An organisation with three or four implemented standards rarely duplicates processes on purpose. Duplication accumulates: each new area gets its own audit plan, report template and action register, because that was the fastest route at implementation time.
After a few years the effect is predictable. A production manager receives three different tasks that in practice concern the same work instruction. The system manager spends time reconciling which register is current instead of analysing findings.
The most expensive part is the missing common picture. When quality, environmental and safety findings sit in three files, nobody notices that all three point to the same weakness in controlling documentation changes.


